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Landscaping & Grass Care
Grass types, lawn fertilization schedules, weed control, aeration, hardscaping, and xeriscaping for every climate.
Grass Types
| Grass | Season | Zones | Mow Height | Water | Sun | Wear |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bermuda Grass | warm | 7-10 | 0.5-1.5 inches | Moderate (1-1.25 in/week) | Full sun (8+ hrs) | Excellent |
| Zoysia Grass | warm | 6-9 | 1-2 inches | Low to moderate (0.5-1 in/week) | Full sun to moderate shade | Good |
| St. Augustine Grass | warm | 8-10 | 2.5-4 inches | High (1.5-2 in/week) | Full sun to moderate shade | Poor to moderate |
| Centipede Grass | warm | 7-9 | 1.5-2.5 inches | Low (requires minimal irrigation) | Full sun to light shade | Poor |
| Bahia Grass | warm | 7-10 | 3-4 inches | Low (deep root system) | Full sun | Moderate |
| Buffalo Grass | warm | 5-8 | 2-3 inches (or unmowed at 4-6 in) | Very low (most drought-tolerant) | Full sun | Moderate |
| Kentucky Bluegrass | cool | 2-6 (transition zone with effort) | 2.5-3.5 inches | Moderate to high (1-1.5 in/week) | Full sun to light shade | Good (self-repairs via rhizomes) |
| Tall Fescue | cool | 3-7 (best transition zone grass) | 3-4 inches | Moderate (0.75-1.25 in/week) | Full sun to moderate shade | Good |
| Perennial Ryegrass | cool | 3-6 | 1.5-2.5 inches | Moderate to high | Full sun | Excellent |
| Fine Fescue | cool | 2-7 | 2.5-4 inches (or unmowed as eco-lawn) | Low (most drought-tolerant cool-season) | Partial shade to full sun | Poor |
Fertilizer Schedules
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Lawn Diseases
Brown Patch
Grasses: Tall fescue,Perennial ryegrass,KBG,St. Augustine | Season: Summer (hot, humid nights above 65F)
ID: Circular brown patches 6 inches to several feet across. "Smoke ring" of dark gray mycelium at patch border in early morning dew. Individual blades have irregular tan lesions with dark brown borders.
Treatment: Apply fungicide (azoxystrobin, propiconazole) preventively when night temps consistently exceed 65F. Reduce nitrogen. Water in early morning only. Improve drainage.
Dollar Spot
Grasses: KBG,Bermuda,Zoysia,Fine fescue,Perennial rye | Season: Late spring through fall (60-80F)
ID: Small, silver-dollar-sized tan spots that can merge into larger irregular patches. White cobweb-like mycelium visible in morning dew. Individual blades show hourglass-shaped lesions.
Treatment: Apply nitrogen fertilizer (often resolves on its own). Fungicide: propiconazole, myclobutanil. Water deeply and infrequently.
Red Thread
Grasses: Perennial ryegrass,Fine fescue,KBG | Season: Spring and fall (60-75F, humid)
ID: Irregular pink-red patches 4-8 inches across. Pink to red thread-like strands (sclerotia) extending from leaf tips. Grass blades die from the tip down.
Treatment: Usually cosmetic - lawn recovers on its own. Apply nitrogen fertilizer. Fungicide rarely needed (chlorothalonil if severe).
Snow Mold (Gray & Pink)
Grasses: KBG,Perennial ryegrass,Tall fescue | Season: Late winter/early spring (under snow cover)
ID: Circular matted patches 3-12 inches revealed when snow melts. Gray snow mold has gray-white mycelium; pink snow mold has pinkish mycelium and is more damaging.
Treatment: Rake affected areas to promote drying and air circulation. Usually recovers on its own. Reseed bare spots.
Fairy Ring
Grasses: All grass types | Season: Spring through fall
ID: Dark green circles or arcs of stimulated growth, sometimes with mushrooms. Ring expands outward each year. Three types: Type 1 kills grass in ring, Type 2 stimulates dark green ring, Type 3 only mushrooms.
Treatment: Core aerate through the ring. Apply wetting agent to help water penetrate hydrophobic soil. Mask with nitrogen fertilizer on surrounding lawn. Fungicides are mostly ineffective.
Pythium Blight
Grasses: Perennial ryegrass,KBG (seedlings),Tall fescue | Season: Summer (hot, humid, >85F daytime, >65F nighttime)
ID: Greasy, dark, water-soaked patches that collapse rapidly. White cottony mycelium in early morning. Streaks follow drainage patterns or mowing direction. Can destroy large areas overnight.
Treatment: Apply fungicide immediately (mefenoxam, fosetyl-Al). Improve drainage. Avoid watering in evening. Emergency fungicide at first sign.
Large Patch (Zoysia/Bermuda)
Grasses: Zoysia,Bermuda,St. Augustine,Centipede | Season: Fall and spring (when grass enters/exits dormancy, 50-70F)
ID: Large circular patches (3-25+ ft) of orange-yellow to brown grass. Expands from previous year's patch. Leaf sheaths pull easily from stolons and are rotted at the base.
Treatment: Apply fungicide (azoxystrobin, flutolanil) preventively in September and again in spring when soil temps reach 60F. Avoid excess nitrogen in fall.
Rust
Grasses: KBG,Perennial ryegrass,Tall fescue,Zoysia | Season: Late summer/early fall (warm days, cool nights, heavy dew)
ID: Orange-yellow powdery pustules on grass blades. Rubs off on shoes, mower, or white cloth. Lawn has overall orange-yellow cast. Blades weaken and thin.
Treatment: Usually resolves as conditions change. Mow frequently to remove infected blade tips. Apply nitrogen to promote growth. Fungicide (propiconazole) if severe.
Weed Control
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Aeration & Dethatching
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